Affinity Capture-Luminescence - An interaction is inferred when a bait protein, tagged with luciferase, is enzymatically detected in immunoprecipitates of the prey protein as light emission. The prey protein is affinity captured from cell extracts by either polyclonal antibody or epitope tag.

Affinity Capture-MS - An interaction is inferred when a "bait" protein is affinity captured from cell extracts by either polyclonal antibody or epitope tag and the associated interaction partner is identified by mass spectrometric methods.

Affinity Capture-RNA - An interaction is inferred when a bait protein is affinity captured from cell extracts by either polyclonal antibody or epitope tag and associated RNA species identified by Northern blot, RT-PCR, affinity labeling, sequencing, or microarray analysis.

Affinity Capture-Western - An interaction is inferred when a Bait protein affinity captured from cell extracts by either polyclonal antibody or epitope tag and the associated interaction partner identified by Western blot with a specific polyclonal antibody or second epitope tag. This category is also used if an interacting protein is visualized directly by dye stain or radioactivity. Note that this differs from any co-purification experiment involving affinity capture in that the co-purification experiment involves at least one extra purification step to get rid of potential contaminating proteins.

Biochemical Activity - An interaction is inferred from the biochemical effect of one protein upon another, for example, GTP-GDP exchange activity or phosphorylation of a substrate by a kinase. The "bait" protein executes the activity on the substrate "hit" protein.

Co-crystal Structure - Interaction directly demonstrated at the atomic level by X-ray crystallography. Also used for NMR or Electron Microscopy (EM) structures. If a structure is demonstrated between 3 or more proteins, one is chosen as the bait and binary interactions are recorded between that protein and the others.

Co-fractionation - Interaction inferred from the presence of two or more protein subunits in a partially purified protein preparation. If co-fractionation is demonstrated between 3 or more proteins, one is chosen as the bait and binary interactions are recorded between that protein and the others.

Co-localization - An interaction is inferred from co-localization of two proteins in the cell, including co-dependent association of proteins with promoter DNA in chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments.

Co-purification - An interaction is inferred from the identification of two or more protein subunits in a purified protein complex, as obtained by classical biochemical fractionation or affinity purification and one or more additional fractionation steps.

Far Western - An interaction is detected between a protein immobilized on a membrane and a purified protein probe.

FRET - An interaction is inferred when close proximity of interaction partners is detected by fluorescence resonance energy transfer between pairs of fluorophore-labeled molecules, such as occurs between CFP (donor) and YFP (acceptor) fusion proteins.

PCA - A protein-protein interaction assay in which a bait protein is expressed as fusion to one of the either N- or C- terminal peptide fragments of a reporter protein and prey protein is expressed as fusion to the complementary N- or C- terminal fragment of the same reporter protein. Interaction of bait and prey proteins bring together complementary fragments, which can then fold into an active reporter.

Protein-peptide - An interaction is detected between a protein and a peptide derived from an interaction partner. This includes phage display experiments.

Protein-RNA - An interaction is detected between and protein and an RNA.

Reconstituted Complex - An interaction is detected between purified proteins in vitro.

Two-hybrid - Bait protein expressed as a DNA binding domain (DBD) fusion and prey expressed as a transcriptional activation domain (TAD) fusion and interaction measured by reporter gene activation.

Dosage Growth Defect - A genetic interaction is inferred when over expression or increased dosage of one gene causes a growth defect in a strain that is mutated or deleted for another gene.

Dosage Lethality - A genetic interaction is inferred when over expression or increased dosage of one gene causes lethality in a strain that is mutated or deleted for another gene.

Dosage Rescue - A genetic interaction is inferred when over expression or increased dosage of one gene rescues the lethality or growth defect of a strain that is mutated or deleted for another gene.

Phenotypic Enhancement - A genetic interaction is inferred when mutation or overexpression of one gene results in enhancement of any phenotype (other than lethality/growth defect) associated with mutation or over expression of another gene.

Phenotypic Suppression - A genetic interaction is inferred when mutation or over expression of one gene results in suppression of any phenotype (other than lethality/growth defect) associated with mutation or over expression of another gene.

Synthetic Growth Defect - A genetic interaction is inferred when mutations in separate genes, each of which alone causes a minimal phenotype, result in a significant growth defect under a given condition when combined in the same cell.

Synthetic Haploinsufficiency - A genetic interaction is inferred when mutations or deletions in separate genes, at least one of which is hemizygous, cause a minimal phenotype alone but result in lethality when combined in the same cell under a given condition.

Synthetic Lethality - A genetic interaction is inferred when mutations or deletions in separate genes, each of which alone causes a minimal phenotype, result in lethality when combined in the same cell under a given condition.

Synthetic Rescue - A genetic interaction is inferred when mutations or deletions of one gene rescues the lethality or growth defect of a strain mutated or deleted for another gene.

CDNA Accession, CDNA GI, ECOCYC, EcoGene, Ensembl, ENTREZ_GENE, ENTREZ_GENE_EG, FLYBASE, GRID_LEGACY, HGNC, HPRD, IMGT/GENE-DB, Locus Tag, MGD, MGI, MIM, Official Symbol, PROTEIN Accession, PROTEIN GI, RATMAP, RGD, SGD, Synonym, TAIR, UNIPROTKB, WormBase, Xenbase, ZFIN,